Survey: Nearly Half of Americans Reject the Bible as Literal Truth

A new nationwide survey reveals that almost half of Americans do not view the Bible as literal truth, reflecting a growing divide in how the nation interprets Scripture.

The findings come from the State of Theology 2025 report by Ligonier Ministries, conducted in partnership with Lifeway Research. More than 3,000 U.S. adults were surveyed earlier this year, offering a snapshot of modern religious belief in America.

According to the report, 48% of respondents agreed that “The Bible, like all sacred writings, contains helpful accounts of ancient myths but is not literally true.” Meanwhile, 43% disagreed, affirming a belief in the Bible’s literal truth, while 8% remained uncertain.

Belief in the Bible’s authority was strongest among evangelicals, regular churchgoers, and residents of the American South. In contrast, Americans in urban areas and those with higher incomes were more likely to view Scripture as symbolic rather than literal.

The survey also uncovered widespread theological confusion. Just over half of respondents affirmed that God is perfect, and only 55% agreed with the historic Christian teaching of the Trinity—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Nearly half described Jesus not as divine, but merely as a great moral teacher.

Views on moral and cultural issues were similarly divided. About 38% supported the idea that individuals should be free to choose their gender, while more than 40% rejected the Bible’s teaching on homosexuality as relevant for today.

Yet despite these divisions, the survey found that 50% of Americans still believe the Bible carries authority in guiding how people should live.

For comparison, studies by the Pew Research Center and Gallup show a long-term decline in the number of Americans who interpret the Bible literally, reflecting broader cultural and generational shifts.

Reactions to the report are already surfacing, with Christian outlets such as Christianity Today highlighting concerns about weakening biblical literacy, while religion-focused media like Religion News Service emphasize the growing diversity of belief in America.

The findings highlight the deep shifts in American religious belief—where reverence for the Bible remains strong for many, but confidence in its literal truth and traditional teachings continues to erode.